18ECO124T - HUMAN ASSIST DEVICES UNIT 1 - 4M

 Differentiate between the function of prosthesis and orthosis

Prosthesis:

  • Artificial device used for replacement of a missing body part or limb

  • Its primary function is to restore lost function, appearance and mobility

  • Examples include artificial limbs, dental implants and cochlear implants

  • Prostheses are typically used when a body part is absent due to congenital conditions, accidents or medical procedures

Orthosis: 

  • An external device to compensate for leg pathologies

  • Its primary function is to improve function, reduce pain or prevent deformities

  • Examples include braces for the spine, foot orthotics and wrist splints

  • Orthoses are often used to address musculoskeletal conditions, injuries or abnormalities


What is meant by prosthesis and orthosis? Draw the diagram C-Leg Prosthesis and name the parts. 

Prosthesis:

  • Artificial device used for replacement of a missing body part or limb

  • Its primary function is to restore lost function, appearance and mobility

  • Examples include artificial limbs, dental implants and cochlear implants

  • Prostheses are typically used when a body part is absent due to congenital conditions, accidents or medical procedures

  • Can be active or passive device

Orthosis: 

  • An external device to compensate for leg pathologies

  • Its primary function is to improve function, reduce pain or prevent deformities

  • Examples include braces for the spine, foot orthotics and wrist splints

  • Orthoses are often used to address musculoskeletal conditions, injuries or abnormalities

  • Can be active or passive device

C-leg or above-knee prosthesis:

  • Example of a sophisticated knee which has a microcontroller is a c-leg

  • Patient will have different program for this knee


Discuss about the Manual wheelchair in detail

  • A wheelchair is not just a chair with wheels; it is a second home to the patient since he spends so much time in it

  • The first folding manual wheelchair was created by Herbert Everest and Harry Jennings in 1933

  • manual wheelchair accessories:

  • Arm rest

  • Arm trough

  • Rear wheels

  • Tires

  • Back rest

  • Seat rest

  • Seat and Back angle measurement

  • Wheelchair propulsion

  • Horizontal and vertical axle position

  • Seating and positioning


Discuss in detail about the seating and positioning of Manual Wheelchair

  • A wheelchair is not just a chair with wheels; it is a second home to the patient since he spends so much time in it

  • The first folding manual wheelchair was created by Herbert Everest and Harry Jennings in 1933

  • Seating and positioning:

  • Comfortable, healthy, functional sitting posture

  • Pelvis stabilization

  • Cushion should be mounted onto a hard surface

  • Secondary injuries can occur

  • Pressure relieving system is required in certain WC


Discuss in detail about the Horizontal axle position and Vertical axle position Wheelchair.

  • A wheelchair is not just a chair with wheels; it is a second home to the patient since he spends so much time in it

  • The first folding manual wheelchair was created by Herbert Everest and Harry Jennings in 1933

  • Horizontal axle position: 

  • Moving the axle forward moves the seat back

  • Forward axle position: requires less muscle effort and facilitates popping a wheelie

  • Makes WC more tippy and difficult push up ramp

  • Delivered with the axle in the most rearward position; needs to be changed

  • Vertical axle position:

  • Raising the axle has the effect of lowering the seat while lowering the axle raises the seat

  • Better propulsion biomechanics by lowering the seat height

  • Greater stability in low position

  • Ideal position - elbow angle 100-120 degrees


Discuss about the power assistive wheelchair

  • A wheelchair is not just a chair with wheels; it is a second home to the patient since he spends so much time in it

Power assisted wheelchair:

  • Mobility assistance

  • Help weakness, muscle paralysis, overuse, fatigue

  • Decrease - upper limb risk of injuries

  • Difficult to transport - increased weight

  • Types - stand alone power unit, power add on devices

  • Ideal for those who do not have the strength/stamina to propel a manual wheelchair

  • Grouped into 4 broad categories:

  • Conventional power WC

  • Folding and transport power WC

  • Combination indoor-outdoor power WC

  • Heavy-duty indoor-outdoor power WC

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